Consecrated to the Heart of the Redeemer under the patronage of the Theotokos and Fr. Gerard Manley Hopkins, S.J.
Showing posts with label Second Vatican Council. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Second Vatican Council. Show all posts

23 January 2015

Rabbit? Run!

The latest papal obiter dictum (read: leaving on a jet plane) concerned his contention that good Catholics do not have to "be...like rabbits" when it comes to family size.

It may be accurate, though picayune, to insist that Pope Francis did not say, *breed* like rabbits, as the phrase typically is attested. Be...breed...whatever.

This post of Dr. Gregory Popčak is informative, especially his reference to paragraph 50 of the Vatican II document Gaudium et Spes.

One segment of the citation clears up this breeding problem (emphases mine):
...in their manner of acting, spouses should be aware that they cannot proceed arbitrarily, but must always be governed according to a conscience dutifully conformed to the divine law itself, and should be submissive toward the Church’s teaching office, which authentically interprets that law in the light of the Gospel.
Before reading the Popčak piece, I recalled a phrase that I picked up at some point in the seminary: humano modo. Context? Glad you asked:
Can. 1061 §1. A valid marriage between the baptized is called ratum tantum if it has not been consummated; it is called ratum et consummatum if the spouses have performed between themselves in a human fashion [humano modo] a conjugal act which is suitable in itself for the procreation of offspring, to which marriage is ordered by its nature and by which the spouses become one flesh. {source}
A "human manner"--a manner suitable to free and rational creatures who are "now called children of God, for that is what we are" (1 Jn 3:1). A human manner presumes a total investment of self that is permanent, exclusive, and open to new life. A human manner is not "arbitrary" and casual, fit for public display and risible observation.

Can rabbits marry each other--or dogs, cats, gerbils, or even the most intelligent orangutans? Does a total investment of self that is permanent, exclusive, and open to new life ("openness" being a uniquely human possibility) even occur to rabbits, or any of the other animals? The sexual expression of rabbits and other animals is instinctual, not free and rational.

Now maybe scientists and others have observed in animals some approximation to human love. Every concern for the other as other certainly participates in, derives from, divine love--and cannot  otherwise exist. But we are not animals; and Pope Francis is reminding us that the Catholic Church wants responsible parents who must decide wisely and generously how they will cooperate with God's gift of generation. Indiscriminate copulation, devoid of devotion, will not suffice.

Maybe I'm a "speciesist" by insisting that, however tender we may deem it to be, the procreation and rearing of animals is different from human love both in degree and in kind. Maybe my take doesn't catch the spirit of the Holy Father's words any more than the rereading by any author in the mainstream media (or even this article), but I offer it nonetheless.

04 January 2014

The Definite Article

Isaiah's stirring words: “You shall be radiant at what you see, your heart shall throb and overflow, for the riches of the sea shall be emptied out before you, the wealth of nations shall be brought to you” (60:5). The six verses of the Epiphany First Reading fittingly describe what the Magi doubtless were seeking, what they found, and, therefore, what they guarded against the infiltration of hatred and envy.

About a month ago there was an article circulating the Internet in which Pope Francis announced rather sweeping changes in the Church. The article was a fabrication, another argument for a Catholic fact-checking site à la "Snopes" (cf. my last post). A careful reader could tell simply by reading the whole title, which included a reference to the “Third Vatican Council.” That event hasn’t happened; but whenever groups of Catholics get together and talk about what they like or don’t like about the Church, one can jokingly refer to such gatherings as sessions of the “Third Vatican Council.” Guys held them in the seminary all the time.

The article, I must say, caused quite a stir among my friends: for some of them quite a letdown, for others quite a relief. We are now used to Pope Francis raising eyebrows, to the extent that even my heart skipped an anxious beat. It unmasked my careless reading! I had to hand it to the writer, who peppered the article with alleged statements that had a ring of truth to them alongside the patent falsehoods. In the article’s title Francis declared, “All religions are true,” a statement easily open to various interpretations. With patience and attention we can trace out the nourishing grain of truth.

According to the actual Second Vatican Council, all human hearts bear within themselves the desire for God, and the call to communion with God. God put that there, so that people might acknowledge the love that holds them in existence and entrust themselves to that Love (cf. Gaudium et Spes 19; cf. CCC 27). As social beings, men and women have partaken together in prayers, rituals, sacrificial offerings, and other attempts to transcend themselves and reach the mysterious Force at work in the world. These actions have been motivated, at least in part, by the patently evil actions and attitudes in the world, which in more candid moments people recognize even in their own hearts. 

We’d be astounded to realize how pervasively our fears can animate our religious and spiritual activity. At the same time, the Scriptures seem to depict God’s greatest interest: moving hearts to the joy of knowing and being known by Him. If that joy is long in coming, or if it seems slippery to the touch, we should not be surprised. The absence of joy and the striving for joy are universal currents. The Catholic faith is God’s comprehensive portfolio, His lavish proposal, more than matching our human strivings for God with God’s revelation to human beings.

All of the Popes since the Second Vatican Council have encouraged the faithful to behold the threads of truth, goodness, and beauty that run through the various religions of the world, even the shards of fractured Christianity. Such an appreciation diminishes not at all the staggering splendor of truth, goodness, and beauty that the Triune God has unfolded for the world in the Catholic faith.

Why, then, do people fall away from this faith? Why do they seek other sources of religious expression, or, with increasing popularity, seek none at all? Have we Catholics a ways to go in terms of how transparent and engaging our witness of faith can be? Instead of basking in the truth, goodness, and beauty at our disposal, we may sometimes engage in a sort of unhelpful critique, the equivalent of applying sunblock because of overly sensitive skin. The risks of exposure we deem too deep.

Whatever acts of prayer, study or sacrifice we can do to rediscover the joy of our Catholic faith, be they large or small, they will move hearts to seek the Lord and do Him homage. We can take cues from the Magi, from the saints, and from each other. Do not be ashamed of that faith. Seek inspiration and sound direction, and boldly implement it each day, so that nobody may be excluded from God’s great endowment.

16 February 2013

Considerations on the Papal Abdication

"You may be wondering why I've called you here today."
(Photo: www.euronews.com)
Since our Holy Father announced that he will abdicate the Throne of Saint Peter on the 28th of February, much ink has been spilt over the reasons for his departure.  I ascribe to Qoheleth's dictum, nihil novi sub sole ("there is nothing new under the sun").  Having read a fair amount of posts (from such as Fr. Z, Fr. Rutler, and Jennifer Fulwiler) that cover the "What?", the "What For?", and the "What Now?", I scarcely can add to the conversation.  But scarcely has that stopped me from trying!

Here is the English text of the Pope's declaration.  Its availability in Latin (the language in which it was delivered!), and on video to boot, made it a must-see.  Latin headings are from the declaration; the simple commentary, from the Rev'd Blogger:

decisionem magni momenti: Pope Benedict is the last since the Western Schism to abdicate (since no one is qualified to accept a papal resignation, no one being higher on the ecclesial chain, the Pope does not "resign" his office).  We can trust that he ascribes no "greatness" to the fact that he is abdicating.  The Church herself is in the "great moment," though not "great" in the sense that Tony approves of Frosted Flakes.  He will amplify the greatness of the moment later in the declaration, specifically in terms of the present spiritual, religious, and moral landscape.  He has referred to this moment, in fact, from the beginning of his papacy, and most especially in light of the "filth" in the Church--her diverse scandals, division, etc.

Conscientia mea...explorata: The Holy Father has not arrived at this decision without profound and repeated (iterum atque iterum) soul-searching, which is completely in accord with his human nature and his office as Supreme Pontiff.  He is the great "bridge-builder,"and as such his blueprints deserve careful contemplation.  The papal program entails "doing and speaking...suffering and praying" (agendo et loquendo...patiendo et orando).  It is a higher level of strategic planning that involves the Pope's consideration of his own abilities and how they are serving, or will serve, or may serve, the Greater Good of the Church.  That level is accessible only to the Pope himself.  The secret domain of conscience is wholly our own--though never in the sense that we can defiantly refuse formation in the truth.

suam essentialem spiritualem: The "essentially spiritual nature" of the papacy defies comparison to the C.E.O. model of governance currently exercised in society and (alas!) in the Church.  Of course, the Church exists in the world, carries out the administration of temporal goods, pays salaries, etc.  Never having been the Administrator or Pastor of a parish--though, with some excitement, awaiting the likelihood of the munus gubernandi at some point--I will expect to learn much about matters financial.  But as for the papacy, so for the pastorate: we are spiritual officers.  Suffering and praying will be the marching orders we first must take, if we are to give them.

temporis rapidis mutationibus subiecto: Pope Benedict is almost 86 years old.  He was ordained a priest in the year my mother was born.  He has been "subject to" the swiftly changing times.  Could he or anyone have predicted the directions the world would take with the sexual revolution, conflicts around the globe, and the fallout after the Second Vatican Council?  I admired his interest in the new media, tweeting as @Pontifex (read blogger Elizabeth Scalia's take on his digital doings).  He was being more than a good sport by sending those messages.  He was sharing the solicitude of a Holy Father and an Elder Brother.

quaestionibus...perturbato: When one of our former bishops celebrated an anniversary of ordination he released a holy card with (more or less) this line from St. Augustine: "I am a bishop over you, a Christian with you."  Can we permit a man of Benedict's erudition and rank to be disturbed to the point of questioning?  Not his own faith (fides qua), mind you, nor the Church's faith (fides quae)...so what, precisely, is he questioning?  It would not scandalize me if he were questioning--as many do--how in this world, amid these thorny and rocky and shallow conditions, the Kingdom of Heaven will continue to grow.  I do not mean to ascribe to Benedict the words of Cicero: o tempora! o mores!  Some have opined that the VatiLeaks scandal had a tremendous effect on the Holy Father.  I don't know enough about it to comment, nor do I care to know.  Whatever treachery may have taken place in this particular instance, there is plenty more where that came from, if you count the abuse scandal.  We have seen the Holy Father reaching out to abuse victims and discover precisely as pope the nature and extent of sexual abuse.  I remember people weighing in on those meetings, wondering what effect they may have had on the Pope.  Now, perhaps, we know.  If this speculation holds any holy water, I experience only compassion for the heaviness of the head that--until a couple of popes ago--wears the tiara.  It's another lesson in not criticizing anyone until you've walked in his shoes, whether they're Rockports, Bobos, Skechers, or Pradas.
Compassion...I often tell people that I was trained to be a theological practitioner and not a community organizer.  Let's say that my good seminary, understandably, weighted the formation in that direction.  If a bloke had gifts for organizing community, as did my high school classmate, good for him and good for the Church!  As for those of us who did our damnedest to get by on undisciplined talent... It would have been helpful, I think, for all of us to have a kind of "Eagle Scout Project" to propose and execute.  
I know that other seminaries have classes in Basic Economics, Child/Adolescent/Abnormal/Paranormal Psychology, Educational Philosophy and Methods.  The subjects of Philosophy, Theology, and Language were more appealing to me anyhow at the time (and, to a great degree, still are); but I appreciate the value of the former much more than when I was in the seminary.  Guess that's life.
vigor quidam corporis et animae necessarius est:  Permit yet another personal diversion.  I am almost fifty years younger than the Holy Father.  I realize that youth is a curable disease; yet certain aspects of it appeal to me, and I'd like to preserve them as much as reasonably possible.  Since about halfway through the seminary I started exercising regularly and trying to eat more nutritiously.  With a few peaks and valleys, these habits have stayed in place and have improved in some ways.  As pastoral demands have increased, there have been certain spiritual and physical practices that I feel I must keep in place in order to be of maximum service to God and the people entrusted to my care.  Letting go of any of them for a second is difficult.  That, too, is Peter being bound and taken where he would not go (cf. Jn 21:18).  If I chose, I could kick and scream; but "it is hard for you to kick against the goads" (Acts 26:14).  Better to summon my irascible drive to more productive uses, like disposing myself to the divine life.

ultimis mensibus in me...minuitur: The New York Times reports of some of the physical debilitation that Pope Benedict has been experiencing.  The Times article also relates Benedict's appraisal of the misrepresentation of the Second Vatican Council, which he has spent his papacy trying to correct.  Also, Philip Lawlor's piece acknowledges how the Pope's corporeal condition has likely prevented the completion of his encyclical on faith, even as his intellectual vigor has not abated.  In his own estimation, the Pope simply cannot summon strength appropriate to the many responsibilities of the papacy.

ex toto corde gratias ago: Gratitude is the optimal response to the charity shown us.  Pope Benedict, the "Servant of the Servants of God," recognizes how his servants do him a service.  The greatest service we render one another is both the petition for and the offering of forgiveness, which the Holy Father seeks from the cardinals (and, no doubt, from us all): veniam pro omnibus defectibus meis.  We'll likely hear more along these lines as the Day approaches.

in eligendo novo Summo Pontifice: This is the matter for intense speculation and debate: who's next? I prefer to follow reputable sites such as Whispers In The Loggia for the latest word on the via.  The cardinals among the papabili are diverse in personality, national origin, and theological bent.  Canada,  Austria, and Ghana are appearing on the radar; and of course, Italy (no link, because there's a few to choose from).  The whole subject displays the media's hardness of heart concerning the Church's nature, as one historian deftly notes.  Of this we can be sure: Whoever it is, is the 265th Successor of Saint Peter, worthy of respect and obedience.

toto ex corde servire velim: In the final sentence of the declaration, the Holy Father announces his future plans to "serve by a life wholeheartedly dedicated to prayer for the Holy Church of God" (my translation).  He will live in a monastery within the Vatican.  Though his public appearances may be few, he will not lose sight of the flock.  He may not retain the titles or trappings of a pope, but he certainly will retain a mind and a heart for the Church, whom he has faithfully served for over sixty years.

Pontifical wardrobe malfunctions did not deter Benedict from exercising a gentle rule

08 September 2012

What's Important About "Porta Fidei"

I should be embarrassed to say that I only recently read "Porta Fidei," the Apostolic Letter proclaiming the Year of Faith which begins next month.  Perhaps a few salient points will help us to understand the value of this "acceptable time."


  • Previous generations took for granted the reality of faith and the values that derive from faith.  Many people are desert-dwellers, unknowingly yearning for the life that Christ alone can give.
  • A prayerful return to the texts of the Second Vatican Council, as well as a summons to profound conversion and joyful witness, are sorely needed.
  • The whole Church is called to a faith more deeply "professed, celebrated, lived, and prayed" (note the fourfold participles are the pillars of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, whose promulgation almost 20 years ago was at once a fruit of Vatican II and an impetus for the Year of Faith).
  • We focus on the objective content of faith and the subjective act of faith--there is the faith that we are taught, that we celebrate, etc; and there is our personal assent to God.
  • We must note the darker chapters in the history of salvation.  These serve as further stimuli to conversion and faith in the Savior.  He continues to work by the transforming power of His Passion, Death, and Resurrection, with the cooperation of Mary, the Apostles, the Martyrs, the Consecrated and Lay Faithful.
  • Faith expresses itself through charitable action.  We recognize Jesus in the people we serve, and thus we strengthen our commitment to serve Him in them, despite any discouragement in the face of evil.
As our parish and diocese offer special events for this Year of Faith, we will keep you informed.